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Sesame seeds

BLS 4.0 food: Sesame seed (Sesam), code H420100 · cross-reference USDA FDC #170150

Per portion (10 g)

56.5 kcalenergy
2.1 gprotein
1.1 gfibre
5 gfat
0.14 gcarbohydrate

Verified benefits — authorised EU health claims

Sesame seeds meets the legal condition for these claims (Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 and (EU) No 432/2012). The numbers show exactly why.

Protein contributes to a growth in muscle mass.
✓ 15 % of energy from protein; condition for "source of protein": at least 12 %.
EUR-LexEU Commission
Protein contributes to the maintenance of muscle mass.
✓ 15 % of energy from protein; condition for "source of protein": at least 12 %.
EUR-LexEU Commission
Protein contributes to the maintenance of normal bones.
✓ 15 % of energy from protein; condition for "source of protein": at least 12 %.
EUR-LexEU Commission
Linoleic acid contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels.
✓ 18.7 g linoleic acid per 100 g; condition: at least 1.5 g per 100 g and per 100 kcal. Beneficial effect obtained with 10 g of linoleic acid per day.
EUR-LexEU Commission
Replacing saturated fats in the diet with unsaturated fats contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels.
✓ 84 % of fatty acids are unsaturated and they provide 63 % of energy; condition for "high unsaturated fat": at least 70 % and more than 20 %.
EUR-LexEU Commission
Thiamine contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism.
✓ 0.79 mg per 100 g = 72 % of the EU NRV (1.1 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Show 63 more authorised claims
Thiamine contributes to normal psychological function.
✓ 0.79 mg per 100 g = 72 % of the EU NRV (1.1 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Thiamine contributes to the normal function of the heart.
✓ 0.79 mg per 100 g = 72 % of the EU NRV (1.1 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Riboflavin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism.
✓ 0.25 mg per 100 g = 18 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Riboflavin contributes to the maintenance of normal red blood cells.
✓ 0.25 mg per 100 g = 18 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Riboflavin contributes to the maintenance of normal skin.
✓ 0.25 mg per 100 g = 18 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Riboflavin contributes to the maintenance of normal vision.
✓ 0.25 mg per 100 g = 18 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Riboflavin contributes to the normal metabolism of iron.
✓ 0.25 mg per 100 g = 18 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Riboflavin contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
✓ 0.25 mg per 100 g = 18 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Niacin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism.
✓ 9.4 mg per 100 g = 58 % of the EU NRV (16 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Niacin contributes to normal psychological function.
✓ 9.4 mg per 100 g = 58 % of the EU NRV (16 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Niacin contributes to the maintenance of normal skin.
✓ 9.4 mg per 100 g = 58 % of the EU NRV (16 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Niacin contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
✓ 9.4 mg per 100 g = 58 % of the EU NRV (16 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Vitamin B6 contributes to normal psychological function.
✓ 0.79 mg per 100 g = 56 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Vitamin B6 contributes to normal red blood cell formation.
✓ 0.79 mg per 100 g = 56 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Vitamin B6 contributes to the normal function of the immune system.
✓ 0.79 mg per 100 g = 56 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Vitamin B6 contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
✓ 0.79 mg per 100 g = 56 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Vitamin B6 contributes to the regulation of hormonal activity.
✓ 0.79 mg per 100 g = 56 % of the EU NRV (1.4 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Biotin contributes to normal psychological function.
✓ 14 µg per 100 g = 28 % of the EU NRV (50 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Biotin contributes to the maintenance of normal hair.
✓ 14 µg per 100 g = 28 % of the EU NRV (50 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Biotin contributes to the maintenance of normal skin.
✓ 14 µg per 100 g = 28 % of the EU NRV (50 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Folate contributes to maternal tissue growth during pregnancy.
✓ 119 µg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (200 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Folate contributes to normal blood formation.
✓ 119 µg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (200 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Folate contributes to normal psychological function.
✓ 119 µg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (200 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Folate contributes to the normal function of the immune system.
✓ 119 µg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (200 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Folate contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
✓ 119 µg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (200 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Folate has a role in the process of cell division.
✓ 119 µg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (200 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Calcium is needed for the maintenance of normal bones.
✓ 783 mg per 100 g = 98 % of the EU NRV (800 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Calcium is needed for the maintenance of normal teeth.
✓ 783 mg per 100 g = 98 % of the EU NRV (800 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Calcium contributes to normal muscle function.
✓ 783 mg per 100 g = 98 % of the EU NRV (800 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Calcium contributes to normal blood clotting.
✓ 783 mg per 100 g = 98 % of the EU NRV (800 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Magnesium contributes to a reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
✓ 347 mg per 100 g = 93 % of the EU NRV (375 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function.
✓ 347 mg per 100 g = 93 % of the EU NRV (375 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Magnesium contributes to normal psychological function.
✓ 347 mg per 100 g = 93 % of the EU NRV (375 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Magnesium contributes to normal protein synthesis.
✓ 347 mg per 100 g = 93 % of the EU NRV (375 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Magnesium contributes to the maintenance of normal bones.
✓ 347 mg per 100 g = 93 % of the EU NRV (375 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Potassium contributes to the maintenance of normal blood pressure.
✓ 458 mg per 100 g = 23 % of the EU NRV (2000 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Potassium contributes to normal muscle function.
✓ 458 mg per 100 g = 23 % of the EU NRV (2000 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Phosphorus contributes to the maintenance of normal bones.
✓ 607 mg per 100 g = 87 % of the EU NRV (700 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Iron contributes to normal cognitive function.
✓ 10 mg per 100 g = 71 % of the EU NRV (14 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Iron contributes to normal formation of red blood cells and haemoglobin.
✓ 10 mg per 100 g = 71 % of the EU NRV (14 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Iron contributes to normal oxygen transport in the body.
✓ 10 mg per 100 g = 71 % of the EU NRV (14 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Iron contributes to the normal function of the immune system.
✓ 10 mg per 100 g = 71 % of the EU NRV (14 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Iron contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.
✓ 10 mg per 100 g = 71 % of the EU NRV (14 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to normal cognitive function.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to normal fertility and reproduction.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal bones.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal hair.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal nails.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal skin.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal vision.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Zinc contributes to the normal function of the immune system.
✓ 6 mg per 100 g = 60 % of the EU NRV (10 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Selenium contributes to normal spermatogenesis.
✓ 34.4 µg per 100 g = 63 % of the EU NRV (55 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Selenium contributes to the maintenance of normal hair.
✓ 34.4 µg per 100 g = 63 % of the EU NRV (55 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Selenium contributes to the maintenance of normal nails.
✓ 34.4 µg per 100 g = 63 % of the EU NRV (55 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Selenium contributes to the normal function of the immune system.
✓ 34.4 µg per 100 g = 63 % of the EU NRV (55 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Selenium contributes to the normal thyroid function.
✓ 34.4 µg per 100 g = 63 % of the EU NRV (55 µg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Copper contributes to maintenance of normal connective tissues.
✓ 1.7 mg per 100 g = 166 % of the EU NRV (1 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Copper contributes to normal hair pigmentation.
✓ 1.7 mg per 100 g = 166 % of the EU NRV (1 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Copper contributes to normal iron transport in the body.
✓ 1.7 mg per 100 g = 166 % of the EU NRV (1 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Copper contributes to the normal function of the immune system.
✓ 1.7 mg per 100 g = 166 % of the EU NRV (1 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Manganese contributes to the maintenance of normal bones.
✓ 1.8 mg per 100 g = 91 % of the EU NRV (2 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS
Manganese contributes to the normal formation of connective tissue.
✓ 1.8 mg per 100 g = 91 % of the EU NRV (2 mg); condition: at least 15 %.
EUR-LexEU CommissionNIH ODS

Also low in sodium — which relates to the authorised claims: “Reducing consumption of sodium contributes to the maintenance of normal blood pressure.”

Goals this food supports

Full nutrient profile

Values per 100 g edible portion as published by the Max Rubner-Institut (BLS 4.0, 10.25826/Data20251217-134202-0). "Origin" is the MRI's own data-provenance label; open "reference" for the underlying study or database. %NRV = share of the EU Nutrient Reference Value (Reg. (EU) 1169/2011, Annex XIII).

Energy & macronutrients

Nutrientper 100 gper 10 g%NRVOrigin
Energy565 kcal56.5 kcalBLS ENERCC · Calculated by formula
Protein20.9 g2.1 gBLS PROT625 · Other nutrient database
reference
Converted value from: Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Fat50.4 g5 gBLS FAT · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Carbohydrate (available)1.4 g0.14 gBLS CHO · Calculated by formula
Sugars (total)1.2 g0.12 gBLS SUGAR · Calculated by formula
starch0.22 g0.02 gBLS STARCH · Other nutrient database
reference
National Food Institute, Food data (frida.fooddata.dk), version 5.2, May 2024
Dietary fibre11.2 g1.1 gBLS FIBT · Other nutrient database
reference
Converted value from: Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
fibreSoluble3.2 g0.32 gBLS FIBSOL · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Water5.2 g0.52 gBLS WATER · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Salt0.11 g0.01 gBLS NACL · Calculated by formula

Fats & fatty acids

Nutrientper 100 gper 10 g%NRVOrigin
Saturated fat7.5 g0.76 gBLS FASAT · Calculated by formula
Monounsaturated fat19.9 g2 gBLS FAMS · Calculated by formula
Polyunsaturated fat19.4 g1.9 gBLS FAPU · Calculated by formula
Omega-3 fatty acids (total)0.67 g0.07 gBLS FAPUN3 · Calculated by formula
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3)0.67 g0.07 gBLS F18:3CN3 · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
EPA0 mg0 mgBLS F20:5CN3 · Logische Null
DHA0 mg0 mgBLS F22:6CN3 · Logische Null
EPA + DHA (long-chain omega-3)0 mg0 mgBLS
omega618.7 g1.9 gBLS FAPUN6 · Calculated by formula
Linoleic acid (omega-6)18.7 g1.9 gBLS F18:2CN6 · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Oleic acid19.9 g2 gBLS F18:1CN9 · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7

Vitamins

Nutrientper 100 gper 10 g%NRVOrigin
Vitamin A0 µg0 µg0 %BLS VITAA · Calculated by formula
Vitamin D0 µg0 µg0 %BLS VITD · Calculated by formula
Vitamin E0.25 mg0.03 mg2 %BLS VITE · Other nutrient database
reference
Converted value from: Public Health England; McCance and Widdowson&
39;s The Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset; 2021
Vitamin K2.8 µg0.28 µg4 %BLS VITK · Calculated by formula
Thiamin (vitamin B1)0.79 mg0.08 mg72 %BLS THIA · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)0.25 mg0.03 mg18 %BLS RIBF · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Niacin (vitamin B3)9.4 mg0.94 mg58 %BLS NIAEQ · Calculated by formula
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)0.23 mg0.02 mg4 %BLS PANTAC · Aggregated from several sources
reference
Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire (Anses), Ciqual French food composition table 2020
National Food Institute, Food data (frida.fooddata.dk), version 5.2, May 2024
Vitamin B60.79 mg0.08 mg56 %BLS VITB6 · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Biotin14 µg1.4 µg28 %BLS BIOT · Aggregated from several sources
reference
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central: Foundation Foods. Version Current: April 2024. Internet: fdc.nal.usda.gov.
National Food Institute, Food data (frida.fooddata.dk), version 5.2, May 2024
Folate119 µg11.9 µg60 %BLS FOL · Calculated by formula
Vitamin B120 µg0 µg0 %BLS VITB12 · Logische Null
Choline25.6 mg2.6 mgUSDA FDC 170150

Minerals & trace elements

Nutrientper 100 gper 10 g%NRVOrigin
Sodium45 mg4.5 mgBLS NA · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Potassium458 mg45.8 mg23 %BLS K · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Calcium783 mg78.3 mg98 %BLS CA · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Magnesium347 mg34.7 mg93 %BLS MG · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Phosphorus607 mg60.7 mg87 %BLS P · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Iron10 mg1 mg71 %BLS FE · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Zinc6 mg0.59 mg60 %BLS ZN · Aggregated from several sources
reference
Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2011; 2011
Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2017; 2017
Selenium34.4 µg3.4 µg63 %USDA FDC 170150
Copper1.7 mg0.17 mg166 %BLS CU · Aggregated from several sources
reference
Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2011; 2011
Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2017; 2017
Manganese1.8 mg0.18 mg91 %BLS MN · Aggregated from several sources
reference
Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2017; 2017
Converted value from: BVL; Lebensmittel Monitoring 2011; 2011

Essential amino acids

Nutrientper 100 gper 10 g%NRVOrigin
Histidine0.49 g0.05 gBLS HIS · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Isoleucine0.93 g0.09 gBLS ILE · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Leucine1.5 g0.15 gBLS LEU · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Lysine0.64 g0.06 gBLS LYS · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Methionine0.64 g0.06 gBLS MET · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Phenylalanine1.3 g0.13 gBLS PHE · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Threonine0.91 g0.09 gBLS THR · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Tryptophan0.29 g0.03 gBLS TRP · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7
Valine1.1 g0.11 gBLS VAL · Other nutrient database
reference
Kirchhoff, E; Souci - Fachmann - Kraut - Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel - Nährwert-Tabellen; 2008; 7

Sources

Max Rubner-Institut (2025): Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel (BLS), Version 4.0 — Deutsche Nährstoffdatenbank. Karlsruhe. DOI: 10.25826/Data20251217-134202-0. Licence CC BY 4.0. Selenium and choline: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central: SR Legacy, 2018. fdc.nal.usda.gov.

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